Cocaine is a derivative of the coca plant, which is found in South America. In the nineteenth century its effects as a pain reliever and its mood boosting properties led to cocaine being hailed as a miraculous cure for many ailments. But although it was initially used for everything from over the counter tooth ache remedies to prescription antidepressants, it is now classified as a dangerous and illegal drug.
By the start of the 1900s, its addictive properties were drawing concern. But by then, cocaine abuse was already spreading and recreational use is still increasing over a hundred years later. After marijuana, cocaine is the most prevalent illegal drug in Western societies.
Cocaine causes a temporary surge of dopamine and serotonin. These neurotransmitters play a large part in the pleasure emotions, so a boost in their levels can cause the user to feel elated. Euphoria is an addictive emotion, and the brain soon becomes hooked. Tolerance becomes a problem with regular use, as prolonged drug use causes changes in the brain and the user will need an increased dose to achieve the same effects. It is one of the most highly addictive drugs, and dealers are able to command an extremely high price because they know demand will remain whatever the cost.
Cocaine abuse is devastating for both the user and those who care about them. Addicts may go to great lengths to obtain enough money to maintain their supply, and their interest in activities outside their drug taking may wane. Cocaine use can eventually cause serious mental health problems, such as psychosis, paranoid delusions and hallucinations. It can also be fatal as the racing heartbeat it causes (tachycardia) increases the risk of cardiovascular problems by an astonishing 24 fold.