Vitamin C is instrumental in the formation of a protein which gives structure to bones, cartilage muscle and blood vessels. It also aids in the absorption if iron. Scientific researches have shown that there are no known advantages in consuming excessive amounts of Vitamin C.
Some of the more common signs of mild Vitamin C Deficiency include weakness, lassitude, swollen gums, nosebleeds and scurvy. Possible reasons which can result in this deficiency include inadequate diet, alcoholism and homelessness. There are some other risk factors which can ultimately result in Vitamin C Deficiency. Babies borne from women who take higher levels of Vitamin C during late pregnancy are two to three times more likely to develop wheezing when they reach two years of age.
Researchers warn women against intake of Vitamin C supplements and try to maintain adequate levels through dietary controls. Another research study also shows that infants taking multivitamins were more vulnerable to asthma and food allergies. Iron deficiency anemia is caused from Vitamin C Deficiency. This results in reduced red blood cells from insufficient iron. Vitamin C Deficiency is also of the contributing factors for anemia. It is essentially a lack of red blood cells, which reduces the amount of oxygen content in the blood. Fatigue, weakness and pallor are some of the initial symptoms of a mild form of this disease. Acute forms of the disease, such as from blood loss, has more severe symptoms, such as dizziness and unconsciousness. Scurvy is another disease resulting from Vitamin C Deficiency. Symptoms include tiredness, weakness, irritability, aches and pains, poor healing and bleeding symptoms. There are also indications of swollen purple spongy gums and/or bleeding gums.
Maintaining a controlled diet with adequate Vitamin C content seems to be the most medically accepted way of avoiding any deficiency related diseases.
Posts Tagged ‘Pallor’
Iron is an important element for your body to utilize in hemoglobin, which transports oxygen in your blood to all the parts of your body. It’s also necessary for many metabolic reactions in your body. Iron deficiency and the resulting anemia is the most widespread mineral deficiency.
Iron is needed for your body to form the red pigment in your blood, also known as hemoglobin. The iron within your hemoglobin combines with oxygen and takes it throughout your whole body, its organs and its tissues. The average human body contains between 3.5 and 4.5 grams of iron, and two-thirds of that is in your hemoglobin. The rest of your iron is stored in your bone marrow, spleen and liver. A very small amount is also stored in myoglobin, which stores oxygen in the tissue of your muscles.
If your body is deficient in its stores of iron, it can lead to anemia. If the iron stores become depleted, then your synthesis of hemoglobin can be inhibited. Symptoms of anemia include pallor, loss of appetite, insomnia, headaches, breathlessness, lack of stamina and tiredness. All of these symptoms are associated with a lowered oxygen supply to your organs and tissues. Iron is also important to your immune system, so people with low levels of iron have a lower resistance to infection.
Research has also shown that low levels of iron can be associated with impaired function of the brain. Iron deficiency in infants can result in behavior problems and impaired learning ability.
Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional problem worldwide. It has been stated by researchers that two-thirds of children and women of child-bearing age in third-world countries suffer from a lack of iron. And one third of the people in those areas suffer from severe iron deficiency and anemia.
If you are a vegetarian, you will not get iron from meat, which is a usual source of haem. In plant foods, you will find only non-haem iron. This iron is harder to absorb, so more plant foods must be eaten to take in proper amounts of iron.
The rate at which your body can absorb iron from vegetables is also influenced by the other things you may eat with your meals. Phosphates in plant foods can inhibit the rate of absorption, as can the tannin that is often found in tea. Fiber may also inhibit iron absorption.
Vitamin C helps your body to absorb plant-type iron. These include leafy green vegetables, green peppers and citrus fruits. Alcohol, amino acids, sugars and citric acid also helps your body better absorb iron.
Some of the better foods high in iron for vegetarians include dried fruits, kidney beans, lentils, blackstrap molasses, leafy green vegetables and whole grain flours and cereals.
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Size, shape amount and relationship with external environment or factors all change as the child grows. Its need for oxygen becomes less, since a more sophisticated respiratory system is also developing as the child grows, the shape and volume on the other hand increases. Such peculiarities in different age groups are very important in hematology.
In new born children
• Smaller than in adults general volume of blood
• Higher than in adults relative blood volume
• Erythrocyte level- 6.7×10^12/L
• Anisocytosis (presence of different forms of RBCs inside vessels)
• Short life of erythrocytes (12-40 days)
• High hemoglobin level- 180-240g/L
• Color index (CI)- 1.1-1.3 (degree of saturation of Hemoglobin in one erythrocyte)
• Level of HbF- 60-70%
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate- 0.2mm/jour
• Leucocytosis- 11.33×10^9/L
• Presence of extra-medullar sources of hemopoiesis.
In infants
• Decreasing of Hemoglobin level to 120-110g/l
• Erythrocyte level decreases to 4-3.5×10^12/l
• Color index is ofen less than 1.0 (0.8-0.7)
• Leucocytosis (10-12×10^9/l) appears after adding new food in menu, during crying after strong emotions
• First cross of WBC count at 5 days of age
• Thrombocytes have gigantic forms
• Monocytosis 9-11%
• Reticulocyte count is up to 10%
Peculiarities of blood in children Older than 1 year
• Increasing of Hemoglobin level to 130-140g/l up to 15 years
• Erythrocyte level is 4.5-5.0×10^12/l
• Reticulocytes are about 0.5-5%
• Leucocytes level is 7-9×10^9/l
• Second white blood cross in 5 years of age.
Patient complaints and methods of physical examination
Disorders of hematological system as a rule give a lot of complaints, which are common to other systems. But there are some weighty clinical signs that directly show on blood disorders. They are;
• Hemorrhage (bleeding)
• Hematoma
• Enlargement of lymph nodes
• Pallor
• Ossalgia (pain in bones)
The other complaints are hyperthermia, often headaches, dizziness, light-headaches, slowed thought processes, decreased attention span, apathy, shortness of breaths, easy fatigability. During taking health history detail, the information about appearance of all symptoms, there changes, date of last blood count, blood type, recent transfusions, take careful diet history to identify any deficiencies, evidence of pica-eating clay, ice, paste. In young children pay attention to obstetric and perinatal history. Accurate family history taking can give the information about cases of sickle cell disease of hemophilia in relatives.
During visual inspection, detect evidence for;
1. prolonged bleeding anywhere from or in the body, its intensity and duration
2. skin color
• paleness: waxy pallor can be seen in severe anemia, quick development of paleness is evidence of profuse inner bleeding,
• Jaundice (yellowish discoloration of skin); bright yellow or orange in case of indirect hyperbilirubinemia, greenish or muddy yellow in conjugated (direct);
• Cherry red in polycytemia
3. Skin rash (macula, petechia, purpura, teleangiectasis, haemorrahge, ecchymosed (bruise), haematoma, and hemarthrosis).
4. Enlarged lymph nodes
5. Protrusion of the abdomen (hepatosplenomegaly)
6. Edema
Palpation and percussion can give the information about sizes, shape, consistency, painfulness and mobility of liver, spleen and lymph nodes.


